The Atlantic Coast Observer Network - Virginia/North Carolina/South Carolina

http://www.genserva.com/acon

SUMMARY OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA 



JANUARY 2013

...CONTINUED ABOVE NORMAL TEMPERATURES
PRECIPITATION THROUGHOUT VIRGINIA AVERAGES ABOVE NORMAL;
BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION AVERAGES FOR MOST OF THE CAROLINAS...

For the second month in a row, temperatures averaged above normal across the three-state area. Precipitation was near and above normal for the Old Dominion. Rainfall totals fell off dramatically from north to south with Charleston receiving only 0.35".

  • THE NATIONAL PHENOLOGY NETWORK  (from CoCoRaHS) Join the USA National Phenology Network! Document how plants and animals respond to local weather conditions using Nature's Notebook. The Network is offering CoCoRaHS participants a chance to enhance their observations by also reporting on what plants or animals are doing! Plants and animals respond strongly to environmental conditions. Trees are cued by warming spring temperatures to begin leafing out. A combination of temperature and soil moisture conditions influence when they flower and produce fruits and seeds. Similarly, birds and insects migrate and complete their life cycles based on temperature and sun angle cues. The timing of these seasonal life cycle events is termed phenology. Because plants and animal life cycle events are so closely tied to weather conditions, they are being affected by climate change. In many parts of the country, trees and plants are leafing out and flowering earlier than in previous decades. Though the longer growing season can be beneficial in some respects, there are risks and drawbacks as well. For example, early leaf-out comes with a higher risk of plant damage due to late frosts. Spring 2012 was a good example of the widespread damage that can occur from a very early spring - fruit and vegetable crops were decimated in much of the Midwest. NPN welcomes you to help them better document how plants and animals are responding to local weather conditions. Your observations of plant or animal phenology collected via Nature's Notebook are made available publicly and are regularly used by researchers and decision makers. Phenology observations made at the same locations that weather observations are collected are especially valuable! Learn more! NPN invites you to join one of their spring campaigns at http://www.usanpn.org/Spring2013Campaigns. They are especially interested in collecting observations for these species. However, you are welcome to collect and submit observations on any of the 900 species of plants and animals for which protocols are available at http://www.usanpn.org/participate/observe. Questions? Contact Theresa Crimmins, USA National Phenology Network's Partnerships & Outreach Coordinator at: theresa@usanpn.org


  • CHASING ICE    http://www.youtube.com/embed/hC3VTgIPoGU?rel=0    "Chasing Ice" captures the largest glacier calving ever filmed! (official video)


  • THE NOAA RESOURCES PAGE (from CoCoRaHS)       The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has many exciting informative resources available for the public to view and learn about our oceans and atmosphere. CoCoRaHS in partnership with NOAA will continue to strive to bring you the latest products and information as they become available. During the year NOAA runs a series of weather awareness and preparedness weeks providing important information on a variety of weather related subjects. These include: Severe Weather Preparedness Week, Flood Awareness Week and Lightning Safety Awareness Week just to name a few. Visit the NOAA Resources page to see this year's schedule. To learn more about NOAA Resources listed on the CoCoRaHS Web site click on the NOAA logo on the left side of our home page: www.cocorahs.org or click here: “NOAA Resources” http://www.cocorahs.org/Content.aspx?page=noaa


  • WHAT "TYPE" OF PRECIPATION IS FALLING BY YOU? (from CoCoRaHS)       NOAA's NSSL appreciates your help! NOAA's National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) is located in Norman, Oklahoma. They study severe and hazardous weather processes and develop tools to help National Weather Service forecasters, and federal, university and private sector partners use weather information more effectively. NSSL has launched its iPhone and Android apps to collect precipitation reports from the public. The NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, in partnership with the University of Oklahoma has launched an app where users can anonymously report precipitation from their iPhone or Android through the "mobile precipitation identification near the ground "mPING" app. NSSL researchers will compare the reports with what radars detect and use the information to develop new radar and forecasting technologies and techniques to determine whether snow, rain, ice pellets, mixtures or hail is falling. NSSL hopes to build a valuable database of tens of thousands of observations from across the U.S. The apps are available on iTunes or Google Play for use on both phones and tablets. The reports can be viewed here in real-time: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/ping/display/

    The lab's main PING page: http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/projects/ping/

    Link for iTunes app: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/mping/id584383400?mt=8

    Link for Android app: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.ou.cimms.wping&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwyLDEsImVkdS5vdS5jaW1tcy53cGluZyJd

    If you have some extra time please give this a try, NSSL would really appreciate your help!



  • ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THE U.S. DROUGHT PORTAL? (from CoCoRaHS)       When we think of the December holiday season, most of us don't picture a dry Christmas tree covered in dust do we? We usually think of lots of snow, but this year many places are lacking the fluffy white stuff on their trees. "Drought is one of the most costly natural disasters affecting the U.S. The National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) was established in 2006 (NIDIS Act) to help begin to move society from a reactive response to drought to a proactive stance. NIDIS was envisioned to be a dynamic and accessible drought information system that provides users with the ability to determine the potential impacts of drought and the associated risks they bring, and the decision support tools needed to better prepare for and mitigate the effects of drought. In this, NIDIS forms the backbone of a national Drought Early Warning System and the U.S. Drought Portal is the public face of NIDIS on the Web." You may not realize it, but CoCoRaHS precipitation observations play an important role along with other factors in helping our friends at NIDIS determine where drought conditions exist. Especially important are those zeros when nothing falls from the sky and your comments on how the conditions are impacting you. To visit the NIDIS Website and learn more about the portal click here: NIDIS - http://www.drought.gov/drought/. Please take a few moments and share the NIDIS Portal website with others and keep up the good work by sending in your precipitation reports -- rain, snow or shine!


  • DROUGHT MONITOR    http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/    More information on drought can be found at NOAA's Drought Information Center http://www.drought.noaa.gov/


  • REMINDER   All National Weather Service station data listed herein is preliminary and may be subject to change.  The data has not been certified and cannot be used in legal actions.  Only reports certified by the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, NC can be used for these purposes.
  • ACON VA/NC/SC Station Extremes - JANUARY 2013
    State
    Maximum Temperature
    Minimum
    Temperature
    Warmest
    Average
    Temperature
    Coldest
    Average
    Temperature
    Maximum
    Precipitation
    Minimum
    Precipitation
    Virginia
    76°
    Danville
    Norfolk (ORF)
    Chesterfield

    Dulles
    43°
    Norfolk (ORF)
    Norfolk (FHC)
    35.9°
    Blacksburg
    7.74"
    Blacksburg
    2.53"
    Arlington
    North Carolina
    79.3°
    Whiteville
    15°
    Raleigh (RAL)
    50.8°
    Wilmington
    42.4°
    Asheville
    8.58"
    Asheville
    1.09"
    Whiteville
    South Carolina
    82°
    Columbia
    21°
    Greenville-Spartanburg
    55.3°
    Charleston
    46.9°
    Greenville-Spartanburg
    5.27"
    Greenville-Spartanburg
    0.35"
    Charleston


    ( For an explanation of column headers in the following tables,
    please note the column denotations table below. )


    TEMPERATURE / WINDS/ ELEMENTS FOLLOWED BY
    PRECIPITATION / BAROMETRIC PRESSURE

    VIRGINIA | NORTH CAROLINA | SOUTH CAROLINA
    [Reminder: All NWS DATA HEREIN IS NOT OFFICIAL]
      A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    BCB 45.40 26.40 35.90 4.40 71.0 12 11.00 24,27 0 3 21 0 76% 36 300 24 5.4 0 0 2 1 2 LWX 2400
    BRI 47.40 31.90 39.64 1.24 71.0 12 11.00 25 0 4 16 0 65% 0 0 0 1 1 LWX 2400
    CHT 46.60 29.70 38.20 5.00 72.1 30 10.10 23 0 4 20 0 72% 23 110 30 0.5 180 0 0 1 0 4 LWX 2400
    CHO 48.20 29.80 39.00 3.80 74.0 29 12.00 23,25 0 4 19 0 39 330 39 16.0   0 0 0 2 2 LWX 2400
    DAN 52.50 31.70 42.10 4.40 76.0 13 16.00 25 0 1 17 0 68% 39 230 30 5.4 0 0 0 1 2 RNK 2400
    DCA 47.50 33.10 40.30 4.30 72.0 30 15.00 23 0 4 14 0 62% 43 200 31 8.2 0 0 0 1 3 LWX 2400
    IAD 46.00 28.70 37.40 4.20 72.0 30 9.00 23 0 4 21 0 66% 46 280 31 6.8 0 0 1 1 4 LWX 2400
    GAV 50.77 31.81 41.29 4.60 75.0 29 11.00 23 0 2 16 0 70% 43 200 30 1 0 1 1 2 AKQ 2400
    HAM 52.80 32.80 42.80 3.40 74.0 30 19.00 26 0 3 14 0 65 270 31 6.0 250 1 0 0 1 1 AKQ 2400
    HDV 46.40 29.70 38.10 3.40 72.0 30 10.00 23 0 4 19 0 71% 24 230 30,31 270 0 0 0 1 2 LWX 2400
    LYH 49.50 29.30 39.40 4.30 74.0 29 12.00 23 0 3 21 0 70% 39 220 30 5.2 0 0 0 2 2 RNK 2400
    NPN 50.00 31.70 40.90 0.80 74.0 30 16.20 25 0 2 17 0 49 250 31 1.6 230 1 0 0 1 0 AKQ 2400
    FHC 50.58 35.42 43.00 2.60 73.4 30 22.20 23 0 1 12 0 72% 53 130 31 2.0 202 0 0 0 0 0 AKQ 2400
    NOR 50.50 33.50 42.00 2.20 75.0 30 21.00 23,25,26 0 2 15 0 42 320 31 0 0 0 0 0 AKQ 2400
    ORF 51.70 35.00 43.40 3.00 76.0 30 23.00 25,26 0 1 14 0 70% 61 240 31 7.7 0 0 0 0 3 AKQ 2400
    POR 51.70 33.60 42.70 2.30 74.8 30 18.20 23 0 1 15 0 78% 52 203 31 3.6 297 0 0 0 2 2 AKQ 2400
    CTR 50.00 30.00 40.00 4.00 75.6 29 11.20 23 0 2 17 0 76% 28 200 30 0.8 236 1 0 0 1 0 AKQ 2400
    MEC 49.61 31.96 40.19 73.0 29 11.00 23 0 2 14 0 1 0 0 0 4 AKQ 2400
    RIC 50.40 32.20 41.30 3.40 74.0 29 14.00 23 0 2 15 0 69% 54 240 31 6.6 0 2 0 1 4 AKQ 2400
    ROA 50.30 33.00 41.70 5.10 74.0 29 17.00 23 0 2 15 0 60% 46 310,230 24,30 6.8 0 0 2 1 4 RNK 2400
    WAL 49.00 31.80 40.40 3.80 67.0 14 12.00 25 0 3 15 0 50 200 31 7.8 0 0 0 0 3 AKQ 2400
    WOO 45.80 30.60 38.20 2.90 70.0 30 12.00 22 0 5 19 0 0 0 1 0 4 LWX 0800
    WSH 45.80 30.00 37.80 3.89 71.5 29 10.50 23 0 4 18 0 72% 28 090 31 0.5 200 0 0 1 1 0 LWX 2400
    Averages 49.06 31.46 40.25 3.50 73.10 14.10 0.00 2.74 16.70 0.00 70% 43.0 5.3 0.2 2.1
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    AVL 51.6 33.2 42.4 5.30 71.0 29 20.0 22,25 0 1 16 0 72% 45 170 30 7.3 0 0 1 1 2 GSP 2400
    MRH 58.3 40.6 49.4 4.70 72.0 11 23.0 25 0 0 7 0 47 210 31 7.7 0 0 0 0 9 MHX 2400
    CLT 55.4 34.7 45.1 5.00 77.0 30 19.0 23 0 1 14 0 71% 45 160 30 6.0 0 0 1 1 5 GSP 2400
    ECG 56.0 36.9 46.5 5.10 79.0 14 19.0 25 0 0 13 0 66% 49 250 31 7.5 0 0 0 0 6 AKQ 2400
    FAY 58.1 36.6 47.4 3.90 79.0 12 20.0 25 0 1 12 0 70% 54 250 31 6.2 0 0 0 1 9 RAH 2400
    GSO 51.4 33.8 42.6 3.70 73.0 13 19.0 23 0 1 15 0 70% 41 190,270 30,31 6.7 1 0 1 1 4 RAH 2400
    HSE 55.7 42.9 49.3 3.80 71.0 14 28.0 23 0 0 4 0 78% 53 200 31 7.2 0 0 0 0 4 MHX 2400
    HKY 53.0 34.3 43.7 4.50 73.0 29 20.0 25 0 1 16 0 39 190 30 4.1 0 0 1 1 7 GSP 2400
    LBT 58.9 38.1 48.5 5.10 78.0 12 21.0 25 0 1 13 0 74% 44 270 30,31 5.0 0 0 1 1 9 ILM 2400
    EWN 59.2 38.2 48.7 4.50 79.0 14,16 22.0 25 0 0 12 0 71% 54 260 31 5.8 0 0 0 1 9 MHX 2400
    RDU 53.9 34.8 44.4 3.40 75.0 13 18.0 23 0 1 10 0 70% 47 200 30 5.0 0 0 2 1 7 RAH 2400
    RAL 53.9 34.2 44.2 3.20 75.0 13 15.0 23 0 1 13 0 31 31 1 0 0 2 0 RAH 2400
    ROX 51.5 33.7 42.8 6.50 73.0 13 16.0 25 0 1 15 0 75% 46 180 30 180 0 0 0 1 6 RAH 2400
    WHI 60.7 38.6 49.7 6.70 79.3 12 19.5 25 0 0 11 0 72% 36 226 30 2.6 134 0 0 0 0 5 ILM 2400
    ILM 61.8 39.8 50.8 4.80 78.0 16,17 22.0 25 0 0 10 0 71% 49 170 31 6.6 0 0 0 0 7 ILM 2400
    Averages 56.0 36.7 46.4 4.7 75.5 20.1 0.0 0.6 12.1 0.0 72% 45.3 6.0 0.2 6.8
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    AND 57.7 38.2 48.0 6.3 72 10,13 23 5 0 0 14 0   44 240 30 5.4 1 0 1 1 4 GSP 2400
    CAE 64.0 41.1 52.5 7.7 82 12,30 26 5 0 0 8 0 65% 47 280 31 5.4 0 0 0 0 4 CAE 2400
    CRE 61.5 43.3 51.0 5.3 77 12 25 25 0 0 9 0 73% 29 260 17 6.4 1 0 0 0 15 ILM 2400
    CHS 66.5 44.1 55.3 7.0 81 12 28 25 0 0 4 0 49 190 30 7.4 0 0 0 0 5 CHS 2400
    FLO 62.5 39.8 51.2 6.3 81 12 22 25 0 0 10 0 68% 45 250 31 6.1 1 0 0 0 5 ILM 2400
    GSP 56.2 37.5 46.9 4.7 73 12 21 23 0 1 12 0 71% 39 180 30 5.8 0 0 1 1 3 GSP 2400
    OGB 64.8 42.1 53.5 7.6 81 16 28 23,25 0 0 5 0 43 260 30 5.2 0 0 0 0 6 CAE 2400
    Averages 61.9 40.9 51.2 6.4 78.1 24.7 0.0 0.1 8.9 0.0 69% 42.3 6.0 0.4 6.0
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    STN A B C C1 D E F G H I J K K1 L M N N1 N2 O P Q R R1 CWA TIME RECORDED
    TRI 49.5 30.3 39.9 4.7 73 13 18 5 0 1 18 0 52 250 30 4.2 1 0 2 4 10 MRX 2400
    DAV 34.4 19.8 27.1 62 31 -5 22,23 0 4 25 2 PBX 2400
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    BCB 7.74 4.06 2.06 30 2.06 30 11 3 7.74 7.2 17 7 2 9.2 11.2 RNK 2400
    BRI 3.73 1.36 2.22 30     7 1 3.73 0.5 21 2 0 0.5 5.5 30.290 25 29.420 2 30.230 LWX 2400
    CHT 3.94 1.26 2.10 30 2.39 30-31 11 1 3.94 1.0 24 2 1 1.3 2.4 30.608 27 29.129 31 30.171 LWX 2400
    CHO 5.05 2.28 2.56 30 2.71 30-31 10 2 5.05 29.150 31 LWX 2400
    DAN 7.16 3.74 2.55 17 2.59 16-17 12 2 7.16 1.0 17 2 1 1.1 1.1 30.600 27 29.340 30 RNK 2400
    DCA 2.53 -0.28 0.86 30 1.14 30-31 12 0 2.53 0.4 24,25 6 0 0.4 0.6 29.150 31 LWX 2400
    IAD 3.70 1.02 2.00 30 2.32 30-31 11 1 3.70 1.5 24 7 1 1.8 4.0     29.150 31 LWX 2400
    HAM 4.02 -0.06 1.03 16 1.03 16 12 1 4.02 2.0 25 2 2 3.0 3.0 30.630 28 29.310 31 AKQ 2400
    GAV 5.47 2.90 1.68 17 1.71 16-17 14 2 5.47 3.0 17 4 1 4.4 4.4 30.600 27 29.220 31 30.160 AKQ 2400
    HDV 3.51 0.46 1.63 30     13 1 3.51 0.8 24 6 0 1.5 2.8 30.590 10 29.120 31 AKQ 2400
    LYH 6.06 2.92 1.81 17 1.84 16-17 12 2 6.06 2.0 17 2 1 2.8 2.8 30.610 27 29.300 30 RNK 2400
    NPN 6.05 2.46 1.60 17 2.48 14-15 12 2 6.05 2.0 25 4 2 4.0 4.0 30.620 27 29.280 31 AKQ 2400
    FHC 2.67 -0.73 0.96 17     12 0 2.67 1.0 25 3 1 1.0 1.0 30.602 27 29.330 31 30.196 AKQ 2400
    NOR 3.09 -0.72 1.32 17 1.39 17-18 12 1 3.09 1.6 25 5 1 1.6 1.6 AKQ 2400
    ORF 2.76 -0.64 1.19 17 1.27 17-18 12 1 2.76 1.6 25 3 1 1.6 1.6 30.600 27 29.290 31 AKQ 2400
    POR 2.83 -0.80 1.04 17 1.09 17-18 12 1 2.83 2.0 25 6 1 2.4 2.4 30.600 27 29.340 31 30.193 AKQ 2400
    CTR 6.52 3.83 1.69 17 2.36 14-15 15 2 6.52 3.0 17 3 2 4.3 4.3 30.590 27 29.230 31 30.157 AKQ 2400
    MEC 5.37 1.07 16 2.00 15-16 11 1 5.37 2.5 17 3 1 4.5 4.5 AKQ 2400
    RIC 5.33 2.29 1.56 17 1.56 17 12 1 5.33 1.6 17 5 2 3.2 3.2 30.630 27 29.240 31 AKQ 2400
    ROA 7.21 4.29 2.65 30 2.65 30 9 3 7.21 3.5 17 3 2 5.0 5.3 30.610 27 29.330 30 RNK 2400
    WAL 3.61 0.57 0.76 17 1.12 17-18 13 0 3.61 4.0 24 4 2 7.4 7.4 30.600 27 29.280 31 AKQ 2400
    WOO 4.56 1.99 2.54 30-31 9 1 4.56 1.8 26 2 2 3.4 9.9 30.460 10 29.560 31 LWX 0800
    WSH 3.36 -0.13 1.73 30 1.88 30,31 10 1 3.36 3.2 24 8 1 3.9 7.4 30.640 27 29.230 31 LWX 2400
    Averages 4.62 1.46 1.64 1.91 11.5 1.3 4.6 2.1 3.1 4.1 30.581 29.270 30.185
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    AVL 8.58 4.91 2.76 30 2.85 29-30 13 4 8.58 T 25 1 0 T T 30.510 10 29.440 30 GSP 2400
    MRH 1.20 -2.88 0.42 17 0.42 17 9 0 1.20         0.0 0.0 30.570 27 29.510 31 MHX 2400
    CLT 4.29 0.88 2.38 17 2.41 16-17 13 1 4.29 T 17,25 2 0 T T 30.570 27 29.420 30 GSP 2400
    ECG 1.40 -1.86 0.41 17 0.49 17-18 8 0 1.40 0.0 0.0 30.600 27 29.370 31 AKQ 2400
    FAY 1.80 -1.50 0.53 17 0.55 17-18 10 0 1.80         29.370 30 RAH 2400
    GSO 5.47 2.41 2.45 17 2.49 16-17 11 1 5.47 3.0 17 2 1 3.0 3.0 29.370 30 RAH 2400
    HSE 2.17 -3.07 0.63 17 0.67 17-18 11 0 2.17       0.0 0.0     29.500 31 MHX 2400
    HKY 6.13 2.30 2.38 17 2.45 16-17 13 2 6.13         30.540 27 29.370 30 GSP 2400
    LBT 1.48 -1.49 0.55 17 0.55 17 9 0 1.48             30.590 27 29.790 30 ILM 2400
    EWN 1.83 -2.19 0.50 17 0.51 17-18 10 0 1.83         0.0 0.0 30.600 27 29.490 31 MHX 2400
    RDU 3.10 -0.40 1.41 17 1.43 16-17 11 1 3.10 0.7 17 3 0 1.0 1.0 29.370 30 RAH 2400
    RAL 2.83 -0.67 1.09 16-17 11 0 2.83 2 1 2.2 2.2 30.630 27 29.580 30 RAH 2400
    ROX 4.66 1.02 1.78 17 1.78 17 12 1 4.66 3.2 17 1 1 3.2 3.2 30.600 27 29.380 31 30.190 RAH 2400
    WHI 1.09 -2.72 0.45 17 0.45 17 8 0 1.09   0.0 0.0 30.584 27 29.509 31 30.194 ILM 2400
    ILM 2.13 -1.63 1.27 17 1.28 17-18 9 1 2.13         0.0 0.0 30.570 27 29.530 31 ILM 2400
    Averages 3.21 -0.46 1.28 1.29 10.53 0.73 3.21 1.38 0.8 0.8 30.579 29.467
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    AND 5.14 1.29 2.48 17 2.50 16-17 12 2 5.14       30.550 27 29.480 30 GSP 2400
    CAE 1.21 -2.37 0.49 17 0.49 17 6 0 1.21     0.0 0.0 30.540 27 29.510 30 CAE 2400
    CRE 0.64 -3.05 0.35 17 0.35 17 6 0 0.64     30.550 27 29.590 31 ILM 2400
    CHS 0.35 -3.36 0.13 3 0.15 30-31 5 0 0.35     0.0 0.0 30.510 27 29.650 30 CHS 2400
    FLO 1.50 -1.73 0.73 17 0.73 17 10 0 1.50 30.560 27 29.520 26 30.000 ILM 2400
    GSP 5.27 1.45 2.22 17 2.28 16-17 12 2 5.27 T 25 1 0 T T 30.540 27 29.450 30 GSP 2400
    OGB 0.84 -3.14 0.45 30 0.46 30-31 6 0 0.84 30.530 27 29.560 30 CAE 2400
    Averages 2.14 -1.56 0.98 0.99 8.14 0.57 2.14 0.0 0.0 30.540 29.537
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED
    TRI 9.99 6.62 2.38 15 2.60 14-15 16 5 9.99 3.5 17 4 1 3.5 4.1 30.530 18 29.43 30 MRX 2400
    DAV 5.94 1.9 31 21 1 5.94 5.2 24 14 1 18 87.7 PBX 2400
    Averages
    STN T T1 U U1 V V1 W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 6A 7 7A 8 CWA TIME RECORDED


    Virginia:

    Arlington - " TEMPERATURES THIS JANUARY WERE ABOVE NORMAL IN WASHINGTON. FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR...THE MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR JANUARY WAS OVER FOUR DEGREES ABOVE THE 1981-2010 NORMAL. THE LAST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FEATURED EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES AS ARCTIC COLD WAS FOLLOWED BY SPRING-LIKE WARMTH. FROM THE 22ND TO 25TH...HIGHS NEVER WENT ABOVE FREEZING...WITH A DAILY AVERAGE HIGH SPANNING THAT 4-DAY PERIOD OF 28.5F. IN CONTRAST...HIGHS FROM THE 29TH TO 31ST AVERAGED A BALMY 69F...WHICH IS NORMAL FOR WASHINGTON DC DURING LATE APRIL. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 25F ON THE 25TH WAS THE COLDEST HIGH TEMPERATURE IN WASHINGTON DC SINCE JANUARY 30TH 2010 WHEN THE HIGH ONLY REACHED 23F. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 72F ON THE 30TH WAS THE WARMEST TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY SINCE 73F WAS RECORDED ON JANUARY 8TH 2008. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHS MEASURED ON THE 25TH AND 30TH WAS 47F RECORDED JUST 5 DAYS APART. THE LAST TIME SUCH A LARGE DIFFERENCE IN DAILY HIGHS DURING A 5-DAY PERIOD IN JANUARY WAS 1994 WHEN A HIGH OF 8F RECORDED ON JANUARY 19 1994 WAS FOLLOWED 5 DAYS LATER BY A HIGH OF 61F ON THE 24TH...A DIFFERENCE OF 53F. THE LOW TEMPERATURE OF 15F ON THE 23RD WAS THE COLDEST LOW TEMPERATURE READING IN WASHINGTON DC SINCE IT WAS 14F ON 3 MARCH 2009. THE LOW TEMPERATURE OF 52F ON THE 30TH WAS THE WARMEST LOW TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY SINCE IT WAS ALSO 52F ON 15 JANUARY 2007. IT ALSO TIED THE DAILY HIGH MINIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORD SET PREVIOUSLY IN 1947 AND 2002. PRECIPITATION FOR THE MONTH WAS SLIGHTLY BELOW NORMAL. NEARLY HALF OF THE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION FELL DURING THE LAST TWO DAYS OF THE MONTH. SNOW WAS OBSERVED ON SIX DAYS THIS MONTH. THE MONTHLY SNOWFALL FOR JANUARY 2013 TOTALED JUST 0.9 INCHES...MAKING IT THE FOURTH LEAST SNOWIEST JANUARY IN THE PAST 20 YEARS AND THE LEAST SNOWIEST JANUARY SINCE 2006...WHEN ONLY A TRACE OF SNOWFALL WAS RECORDED THAT MONTH. " - [ + - ] - Notes from NWS Sterling, VA

    Chantilly - Russ sends these highlights: " Overall, January was warm with above average precipitation. There was, however, a four-day arctic cold snap beginning on the 22nd and followed by Spring-like weather by the 29th. The mean monthly temperature was 38.2° (+5.0°). The mean high temperature was 46.6° (+4.1°) and the mean low temperature was much above normal at 29.7° (+5.8°). Of some note was the extreme variation in SL barometric pressure with 29.129" on the 31st and 30.608" only a few days earlier on the 27th. Precipitation was above average at 3.94" (+1.26"), most of which fell on the 15th and 30th. A monthly record 2.10" of rain fell on the 30th. There was little snow to speak of, with the most on the 25th (1.0") and a little more than a dusting on the 26th (0.25"). Monthly snowfall was 6.1" below normal. Much like last year, we've barely had 2" of snow all season. Dense fog was observed on the 11th - 14th. *Please note, anemometer is currently partially obstructed from the North and East " - [ + + ]

    Dulles - from NWS Sterling (KLWX): " TEMPERATURES THIS JANUARY AT DULLES WERE ABOVE NORMAL. FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT YEAR...THE MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR JANUARY WAS OVER 4 DEGREES ABOVE THE 1981-2010 NORMAL. THE LAST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH FEATURED EXTREME TEMPERATURE CHANGES AS ARCTIC COLD WAS FOLLOWED BY SPRING-LIKE WARMTH. DURING THE 22ND TO 25TH... HIGH TEMPERATURES EACH DAY WERE IN THE 20S. THE LAST TIME THE TEMPERATURE WAS BELOW 30F FOR AT LEAST 4 CONSECUTIVE DAYS WAS 5-8 FEBRUARY 2007. THE HIGH OF 22F ON THE 25TH WAS THE COLDEST HIGH TEMPERATURE SINCE 30 JANUARY 2010 WHEN THE HIGH ONLY REACHED 21F. THE LOW TEMPERATURE OF 9F ON THE 23RD WAS THE FIRST SINGLE DIGIT TEMPERATURE OBSERVED AT DULLES SINCE 24 JANUARY 2011...WHEN THE LOW WAS 6F. IN CONTRAST...THE HIGH DURING THE 3-DAY PERIOD FROM THE 29TH-31ST AVERAGED A BALMY 67F...WHICH IS THE NORMAL HIGH AT DULLES FOR MID APRIL. THE HIGH TEMPERATURE OF 72F ON THE 30TH WAS TIED FOR THE 7TH WARMEST ON RECORD IN JANUARY...AND THE WARMEST TEMPERATURE RECORDED IN JANUARY SINCE IT WAS 73F ON 4 JANUARY 2004. IT ALSO SET A DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORD...BREAKING THE PREVIOUS RECORD OF 70F IN 2002. THE LOW TEMPERATURE OF 56F ON THE 30TH WAS THE WARMEST LOW TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY SINCE IT WAS ALSO 56F ON 6 JANUARY 2007. IT ALSO BROKE THE DAILY HIGH MINIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORD OF 54F SET IN 2002. THE LOW TEMPERATURE OF 41 DEGREES ON THE 12TH BROKE THE OLD DAILY HIGH MINIMUM TEMPERATURE RECORD OF 40F IN 2012. PRECIPITATION FOR THE MONTH WAS ABOVE NORMAL. NEARLY TWO-THIRDS OF THE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION WAS RECORDED DURING THE LAST TWO DAYS OF JANUARY. 30 JANUARY 2013 WAS THE WETTEST DAY IN JANUARY ON RECORD FOR DULLES WITH 2.00 INCHES OF RAIN. THE PREVIOUS WETTEST JANUARY DAY WAS 1.79 INCHES ON THE 14 JANUARY 2005. AT LEAST A TRACE OF SNOW WAS OBSERVED ON SEVEN DAYS THIS MONTH. THE ONLY MEASURABLE SNOW THIS JANUARY FELL ON THE 24TH AND 25TH. " - [ + + ]

    Chesterfield - from Albert Arnold: " On January 17th, thundersnow was reported. " - [ + + ]

    Glen Allen - Lowell sends these additional notes: " January was the second warmest in the past five years with the monthly mean temperature of 41.3 °F, a +4.6 °F departure. There were 16 days the temperature was 50 °F or above. January had only 16 days the minimum temperature was 32 °F or lower and the maximum temperature didn’t rise above freezing 2 days of the month. The 11 °F on the 23rd was the lowest temperature since January 31st 2010 when it was 7 °F yet the 75 °F on the 29th was the highest temperature ever recorded at this station in January. The maximum of 25 °F on the 25th was the second lowest maximum ever recorded at this station for any month with only four days separating the two records. Then on the 30th the minimum temperature was 61 °F smashing the highest minimum temperature for January by 16 °F above the previous four-year record. The 5.47 inches of precipitation was the greatest amount on record for January. This was a +2.90 inch departure when compared to the past four-year average. All of the following set new records for Jan; The most precipitation in a calendar day, 24hour, 1hour, and 5minute period as well as 14 days with measurable precipitation. The four days or 96 hours from the 14th to the 17th had 68 hours of precipitation and a continuous rain in this period of 53 hours which is believed to be the longest continuous period since November 11th – 13th 2009 when we had 60 hours of continuous rain that was also heavier. There was also a thunder snow of 3.0 inches on the 17th and thunder and lightning was observed three times during the storm. The total snowfall for the month was 4.4 inches. The maximum wind gust for the month was 43 mph SSW that occurred on the 30th of the month at 1324 was a new record for January and made for the second windiest day in January (wind run was 225.6 miles) since January 2012 when a 247 mile wind run occurred. The lowest barometric pressure of the month was 29.22 inches recorded on the 31st and the highest was 30.60 inches on January 27th. " - [ + + ]

    Herndon - Randy adds these notes: " January was above normal for temperature and slightly above for precipitation. The temperatures ranged between a high of 72 and a low of 10. We averaged 3.4 degrees above normal for the month. On the precipitation side, the month was 0.46" above normal with 3.51" measured. Most of the month’s rain came on the last two days of the month when we received 1.95". We had several days of light snow and some sleet during the last week of the month, but only received a total of 1.5" for a total of 2.8 for the year and well below normal. " - [ + + ]

    Portsmouth - " January's average temperature (42.7°) was 2.3° ABOVE NORMAL. Precipitation was BELOW NORMAL by 0.80" or 78% of normal relative to normal Januarys for the period from 1976 to 2012. Frontal passages were recorded on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 10th, 11th (warmfropa),12th (coastal onshore front), 14th, 17th, 18th, 21st, 22nd, 24th, 25th, 29th (warmfropa), and 31st. FROST was noted on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 10th, 18th, 19th, and 27th. STATION RECORDS: 12th - TEMPERATURE TIED Maximum Low 53° [previously 2006], 17th - RAINFALL 1.04" [previous 1.02" 2010], 24th - TEMPERATURE TIED Minimum High 35° [previously 2005], 25th - TEMPERATURE TIED Minimum Low 19° [prev 2003], 25th - TEMPERATURE TIED Minimum High 32° [prev 2004], 31st - WIND GUST 52mph [prev 41mph 1982]. - [ + - ]

    Richmond - from Lowell Koontz in nearby Glen Allen: " The mean temperature at the Richmond International Airport was 41.3 °F, the 29th warmest in the past 116 years. Only 11 years have had a higher daily mean temperature in January than the 65.5 °F on the 30th. Only 18 years in the past 116 years have had a higher maximum monthly temperature of 74 °F that occurred on the 29th. Two daily records were broken. The 1.56 inches of precipitation recorded for the 17th and the 59 °F minimum on the 30th that was a new high minimum temperature. Only January 7th and 8th 1998 have had a warmer January night in the last 116 years. The record is 62 °F on the January 8th 1998. January was the 15th wettest of the past 126 years. Measurable snowfall at the Richmond International Airport this past January was 3.2 inches the most since 2010. " - [ + + ]

    North Carolina:

    Fayetteville - from NWS Raleigh RAH: " THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 30 AT FAYETTEVILLE REGL AIRPORT WAS 60 DEGREES. THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 59 DEGREES SET IN 1939. THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 25 AT FAYETTEVILLE REGL AIRPORT WAS 25 DEGREES. THIS TIES THE OLD RECORD SET IN 1922 THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 14 AT FAYETTEVILLE REGL AIRPORT WAS 78 DEGREES. THIS TIES THE PREVIOUS RECORD SET IN 1911. THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 12 AT FAYETTEVILLE REGL AIRPORT WAS 79 DEGREES THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 77 SET IN 1916. " - [ + - ]

    Greensboro - from NWS Raleigh RAH: " THE RAINFALL JANUARY 30 AT PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WAS 0.9 INCHES. THIS TIED THE OLD RECORD OF 0.9 INCHES IN 1939. THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 30 WAS 57 DEGREES. THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 56 DEGREES SET IN 1947. THE RAINFALL JANUARY 17 WAS 2.45 INCHES. THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 1.29 INCHES SET IN 1924. THE SNOWFALL JANUARY 17 AT PIEDMONT TRIAD INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WAS 3.0 INCHES. THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 1.8 SET IN 1965. " - [ + + ]

    Raleigh - from NWS Raleigh RAH: " THE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE JANUARY 30 AT THE RALEIGH-DURHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WAS 61 DEGREES. THIS TIED THE OLD RECORD OF 61 DEGREES SET IN 1914. THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE JANNUARY 25 AT THE RALEIGH-DURHAM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WAS 28 DEGREES. THIS TIED THE OLD RECORD OF 28 DEGREES SET IN 1940. " - [ + - ]

    Raleigh - Bob adds: " JANUARY WAS A MONTH OF EXTREMES WITH SEVERAL DAYS REACHING THE 70S WHILE ON JANUARY 25TH THE HIGH WAS ONLY 27 DEGREES. OVERALL THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE WAS 3.2 DEGREES ABOVE NORMAL. 2" OF SNOW AND SLEET ACCUMULATED ON THE 17-18TH OF THE MONTH. ANOTHER 0.2" OF SLEET AND FREEZING RAIN WERE MEASURED ON THE 25TH. NO SEVERE WEATHER WAS OBSERVED HOWEVER THUNDER OCCURRED ON THE 30TH. " - [ + - ]

    Nearby Locations:

    TRI-CITIES - from NWS Raleigh RAH: " Tri-Cities received 9.99 inches of precipitation in January, which was 6.62 inches above normal. It ranked as the wettest January on record. Measurable precipitation occurred on 16 days and 8 of those days had more than one-quarter of an inch of precipitation. The heaviest precipitation fell on the 15th when 2.38 inches of precipitation was reported, which also broke the previous record of 2.18 set in 1954. Another precipitation record was broken on previous day when 1.84 inches fell eclipsing the record of 1.48 inches set 1940. A precipitation record was also broken on the following day when 1.05 inches of precipitation was reported breaking the old record of 0.72 inches set 1950. In addition, In addition, around 2 inches of precipitation fell on the 30th of the month. The previous wettest January of the 74 years of observations taken at Tri-Cities was in 1957 when 9.18 inches of precipitation was recorded. The monthly-averaged temperature at Tri-Cities in January was 39.9 degrees, which was 4.7 above normal. It tied with 1999 as the 15th warmest January on record. One record high temperature was broken on the 12th when the temperature peaked at 71 degrees breaking the old record of 69 degrees set in 2005. Another record high temperature was set on the next day when the temperature reached 73 degrees breaking the previous record of 72 degrees set in 1972. The warmest January at Tri-Cities was in 1950 when the average temperature was 50.1 degrees. " - [ + + ]



    COLUMN DENOTATIONS:

    A  maximum mean temperature T total precipitation (inches)
    T1 departure from normal
    B  minimum mean temperature U maximum calendar day precipitation (inches)
    C  monthly mean temperature
    C1 departure from normal
    U1 date of maximum calendar day precipitation
    D  maximum temperature V date(s) of maximum daily precipitation
    E  date(s) of maximum temperature V1 maximum 24-hour precip. & date(s)
    F  minimum temperature W number of days with precip. >= .01"
    G  date(s) of minimum temperature  X number of days with precip. >= 1.0"
    H  days with maximum temperature >=90 Y year-to-date precipitation (inches)
    I  days with maximum temperature <=32 Z maximum calendar day snowfall (inches)
    J  days with minimum temperature <=32 VRB Variable
    K  days with minimum temperature <= 0 1 date of maximum calendar day snowfall (inches)
    K1 average relative humidity 2 number of days with snowfall
    L  peak wind gust (miles per hour)  3 number of days with snowfall >= 1.0"
    M  direction of peak wind gust 4  total snowfall for month (inches)
    N  date(s) of peak wind gust  5 total snowfall for 2012-2013 season (inches)
    N1   average wind speed (miles per hour) 6 maximum barometric pressure (inches)
    N2 dominant wind direction 6A date of maximum barometric pressure
    O  number of days with thunder  7 minimum barometric pressure (inches)
    P  number of days with hail 7A date of minimum barometric pressure
    Q  number of days with glaze 8   average sea-level pressure
    R  number of days with ice pellets STN  Station
      NR not recorded
    R1 number of days with dense fog [1/4 mile and less visibility] (i) incomplete data
    S  local observation time for temps/precipitation (M) missing, if listed in data table
     ~ "about" E estimated
     +  additional indeterminate number of days CWA - NWS Office County Warning Area



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    National Weather Service Web Sites & Current Email Addresses
    Within or Nearby the ACON VA/NC/SC Area Can Be Found At:

         NWS Washington/Baltimore, VA/MD
         NWS Wakefield, VA
         NWS Blacksburg, VA
         NWS Raleigh, NC
         NWS Newport/Morehead City, NC
         NWS Wilmington, NC
         NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
         NWS Columbia, SC
         NWS Charleston, SC
         NWS Morristown, TN

         National Weather Service Homepages

         National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC

    STATION / LOCATION (MILES & DIRECTION FROM MAIN POST OFFICE)/OBSERVER / YEAR RECORDS BEGAN / EMAIL ADDRESS:

      
    AKQ    Wakefield, VA NWS Wakefield Municipal Airport 36-58-53N 077-00-04W 33M  
    DCA    Arlington, VA Washington, DC, Reagan Washington National Airport 38-50-54N 077-02-03W 18M WSH   Washington, VA  David Yowell runamok@runamok.com
    BCB    Blacksburg, VA NWS Virginia Tech Airport 37-13N 080-25W   
      WOO  Woodstock, VA 5NW Lauck Walton 12/1/85 jwalton@shentel.net
       LDY Ladysmith, VA Danny Jessee 2003 STATION CLOSED 8/31/2010 danny@dannyjessee.com
    BRI     Bridgewater, VA Clayton Towers Ctowers19@aol.com WAL   Wallops Island, VA 37° 56'26" N 75° 27'47" W Wallops Flight Facility Airport
    CEN  Centreville, VA Paul Bassett 1985, 38° 50.9788' N LAT. 77° 25.6374' W LON. | Elevation 324' | m.psb@verizon.net AVL    Asheville, NC  Asheville Regional Airport 35-25-55N 082-32-15W 670M
    CHO   Charlottesville, VA  Charlottesville-Albemarle Airport ASOS  (Rappahannock County) 38-08-18N 078-27-21W 192M MRH    Beaufort, NC  Michael J. Field Airport 34-44-01N 076-39-38W 3M
    DAN  Danville, VA, Danville Regional Airport, 36-34-22N 079-20 10W 175M  CLT    Charlotte, NC NWS Charlotte/Douglas International Airport 35-12-48N 080-56-55W 220M
    IAD   Dulles - Washington-Dulles International Airport  38-56-05N 077-26-51W 93M   
    FCH    Falls Church, VA Erica Page 3/7/94 Windie1970@aol.com HKY  Hickory, NC 
    HAM    Hampton, VA 5NE Dave Kessel 1989 davidkessel@cox.net ECG  Elizabeth City, NC,  Coast Guard Air Station 36-15-47N 076 10-58W 11M
    LYH     Lynchburg, VA NWS Lynchburg Regional Airport 37-19-15N 079-12-24W 295M ILM     Wilmington, NC NWS New Hanover International Airport 34-16-06N 077-54-22W 9M
    CTR  Winterpock in Chesterfield County, VA Albert Arnold 06/03 FAY  Fayetteville, NC Fayetteville Regional Airport, 34-59-22N 078-52-48W 55M
      GSO   Greensboro, NC NWS Piedmont Triad International Airport 36-05-51N 079-56-37W 275M
    CHT   Chantilly, VA Russ Topping -  12/2006  russ.topping@gmail.com - new location December 2006 HSE    Cape Hatteras, NC  Mitchell Field 35-13-56N 075-27-21W 3M
    HDV    Herndon, VA  Randoplh W. Ashby, 3.3 SM South, Lat: 38.922127, Lon: -77.38015, Elev: 390'. Randolph_Ashby@Raytheon.com LBT    Lumberton, NC  Lumberton Municipal Airport 34-36-26N 079-03-36W 37M
    GAV - Glen Allen, Henrico County, VA - Lowell Koontz  8/1/08  wwkoontz@verizon.net EWN    New Bern, NC  Craven County Regional Airport 36-04-03N 077-02-50W 3M
      MON    Moncure, NC  Chatham County - Mac McIlwain mac.mcilwain@embarqmail.com
      RAL    Raleigh, NC 7NNW  Bob Woodson -  6/1/93 kf4mmm@qsl.net
    LKU     Louisa, VA 1N Joseph Bowers 1944 - NWS ID  44-5050-02 STATION CLOSED RDU   Raleigh-Durham, NC Raleigh-Durham International Airport 35-52-14N 078-47-11W 130M
    LOU     Louisa, VA 6S John Bullock (about 1970) STATION CLOSED ROX    Roxboro, NC 2SE Merriell A. Jay 1/93
         WHI   North Whiteville, NC Christopher Crawley 12/10 34.413744N / 078.751908W
    LYH     Lynchburg, VA NWS Lynchburg Regional Airport 37-19-15N 079-12-24W 295M ILM     Wilmington, NC NWS New Hanover International Airport 34-16-06N 077-54-22W 9M
    NEW    Newmarket, VA 2W Joyce Winfree STATION CLOSED 5/31/10 joywood@shentel.net CHS   Charleston, SC NWS Charleston Air Force Base 32-53-56N 080-02-26W 13M
    NPN     Newport News, VA 7N Gary Leonard -  6/91 GaryMLeonard@aol.com CAE    Columbia, SC NWS Columbia Metropolitan Airport 33-56-31N 081-07-05W 73M 
    NOR     Norfolk, VA 3NE Jim Fentress 6/1/77 FLO    Florence, SC Florence Regional Airport 34-11-16N 079-43-51W 44M
    ORF     Norfolk, VA 5NE 36-54-13N 076-11-31W 14M  1871 GSP   Greenville-Spartanburg, SC NWS Greenville-Spartanburg Airport 34-53-02N 082-13-15W 286M 
    POR     Portsmouth, VA 36.81° North 76.33° West 3S Bill Trotter -  7/1/76 wxr@cox.net CRE    North Myrtle Beach, SC Grand Strand Airport 33-48-42N 078-43-26W 10M
    MEC     Mechanicsville, VA Glen Martin 11/19/91 OGB   Orangeburg, SC  Orangeburg Municipal Airport 33-27-50N 080-51-13W 59M
    FHC    Norfolk, VA  Fred Heutte Center 36° 54'N 76° 16'W 01/01/03 fhcgarden@cox.net AND   Anderson, SC 
    RIC     Richmond, VA Richmond International Airport 37-30-40N 077-19-24W 50M TRI     Tri-cities, TN  (Bristol / Johnson / Kingsport), Tri-City Regional Airport 36-28-47N 082-23-56W 474M 
    ROA    Roanoke, VA Roanoke Regional Airport 37-19-01N 079-58-27W 362M DAV  Davis, WV Dave Lesher canaanwx@yahoo.com