ACON - VA/NC/SC
The Atlantic Coast Observer Network: 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina
http://www.pilot.infi.net/~bsmoot/acon.htm

SUMMARY OF CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
OCTOBER 2000


...FOR MANY, THE DRIEST OCTOBER EVER...

Seems real clear by reading your notes and the climatic summaries from NWS offices; that is, simply we saw some of the driest weather conditions, if not the absolute driest in October in our lifetimes.  One side benefit... most areas noted bountiful daily sun.  As some of you noted, this provided beautiful sunrises and sunsets and spectacular views of fall foliage change.  Just look at this pic captured by photographer Jim Brickett (http://sites.netscape.net/jimbrickett/1/index.htm).

We are now into a new snowfall measurement season since Dave Lesher recorded the group's first on October 10th.  Since then, many of us have seen our first measurable snowfall, even a trace here in Portsmouth on November 19th!  BE SURE TO REVIEW METHODS FOR MEASURING SNOWFALL FOUND IN A DOCUMENT PREPARED BY MEMBER LOWELL KOONTZ !
You can find this article on the Web at: http://www.pilot.infi.net/~bsmoot/koontz.htm .

In his October narrative hydrologic report for the Wakefield forecast area, Patrick Maloit noted:

THIS OCTOBER WAS EITHER THE DRIEST OR AMONG THE DRIEST MONTHS ON RECORD FOR MANY OF THE REPORTING STATIONS ACROSS THE LOWER MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE...CENTRAL...SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...AND NORTHEAST NORTH CAROLINA. ONLY FOUR FRONTS IMPACTED THE REGION DURING OCTOBER 2000...AND NO TROPICAL SYSTEMS. WITH THE JET STREAM
FLOWING GENERALLY FROM WEST-SOUTHWEST TO NORTHWEST OVER THE REGION...THERE WERE NOT MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOR EITHER GULF OR ATLANTIC MOISTURE TO REACH THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES. IT WAS THIS LACK OF MOISTURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE THAT CAUSED OCTOBER TO BE SO DRY.

AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE...MOVING NORTH ALONG A TROUGH LOCATED OFF OF THE EAST COAST FROM THE 1ST INTO THE 2ND...CAUSED MOST OF THIS REGION'S PRECIPITATION FOR THE MONTH. 24 HOUR MAXIMA RECORDED ON THE 1ST OR 2ND RANGED FROM 0.01 INCHES AT NORFOLK AIRPORT...TO 0.03 INCHES AT WAKEFIELD. BEHIND THE LOW...HIGH PRESSURE RIDGED IN FROM THE NORTHEAST AND DOMINATED THE REGIONS WEATHER THROUGH THE 5TH. A COLD FRONT STALLED OUT ACROSS THE MARYLAND EASTERN SHORE ON THE 5TH...PRODUCING 0.05 INCHES OF RAIN A THE SALISBURY AIRPORT. SHOWERS DEVELOPED AGAIN ON THE 6TH...WHEN A WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE RODE ALONG THE STALLED FRONT...PUSHING THE FRONT OFFSHORE. THESE SHOWERS CAUSED 0.18 INCHES TO FALL AT THE SALISBURY STATE POLICE BARRACKS ON THE 6TH.

HIGH PRESSURE BUILT IN BEHIND THE FRONT ON THE 7TH...AND REMAINED ANCHORED ACROSS THE CENTRAL PART OF THE COUNTRY THROUGH THE 11TH. AS A RESULT A PROLONGED NORTH TO NORTHWEST PREVAILED ACROSS THE REGION...KEEPING IT DRY. THE HIGH FINALLY MOVED EAST TO THE APPALACHIANS ON THE 12TH...AND THEN SOUTHEAST TO GEORGIA BY THE 15TH. THIS MARKED THE 9TH DAY THAT THIS HIGH PREVENTED ANY WEATHER SYSTEMS FROM REACHING THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION.

A COLD FRONT APPROACHED THE AREA ON THE 16TH AND STALLED OUT ACROSS SOUTHERN VIRGINIA...NORTHERN NORTH CAROLINA ON THE 17TH. A WAVE OF LOW PRESSURE MOVED ALONG THE STALLED FRONT...AND THEN MOVED OFFSHORE ON THE 18TH. THIS SYSTEM PRODUCED MOST OF THE OTHER 24 HOUR RAINFALL MAXIMA FOR THE MONTH...RANGING FROM 0.01 INCHES AT RICHMOND   ...TO 0.14 INCHES AT OCEAN CITY. HIGH PRESSURE BUILT IN BEHIND THE LOW FROM THE CENTRAL PLAINS ON THE 19TH.

THE HIGH CONTINUED TO BE THE REGIONS ONLY WEATHER PLAYER...UNTIL A COLD FRONT MOVED INTO THE AREA ON THE 22ND. BEHIND THE FRONT...YET ANOTHER AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE RIDGED DOWN THE SPINE OF THE APPALACHIANS FROM THE NORTHEAST. THIS AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE CONTROLLED THE REGIONS WEATHER UNTIL THE 28TH...WHEN THE 4TH COLD FRONT OF THE MONTH MOVED IN. THIS FRONT ALSO WENT THROUGH BASICALLY DRY...DUE TO THE LACK OF GULF OR ATLANTIC MOISTURE AHEAD OF IT.
BEHIND THE FRONT...THE FIFTH...AND LAST...AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE TO AFFECT THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES IN OCTOBER BEGAN TO RIDGE IN FROM CANADA ON THE 29TH. THIS HIGH KEPT THE AREA COOL AND DRY TO CLOSE THE MONTH.

The full Regional Monthly Precipitation Summary and Discussions for Virginia can be located on the AKQ homepage at:  http://tgsv5.nws.noaa.gov/er/akq/climate.htm Patrick Maloit continues the hard work on these monthly products.  Please check out the other home pages for the NWS offices for their regional reports.  A great jump-start page for these is: http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrhq/nwspage.html  a graphical page for National Weather Service home pages across the nation.

Special note from Paul Bassett

"As time permits I will be putting some notes in better shape that I have used to search for weather related items on eBay.  If you think our ACON members would be interested, they could email me their request at pbassett@sitestar.net  .  I'll be happy to pass them along.

Weather Sites on the Internet

Let's begin a monthly list of weather sites on the Internet which you have found to be good sources for your study of weather or for the advancement of interests in amateur focus on weather.  Whenever you send them, I'll try to get them inserted in the next month's report.  Please make sure you have the exact web URL address, being clear with upper and lower case letters in the address.
 

ACON VA/NC/SC Member Station Extremes - October 2000
State
Maximum Temperature
Minimum
Temperature
Warmest
Average
Temperature
Coldest
Average
Temperature
Maximum
Precipitation
Minimum
Precipitation
Virginia
88°Bridgewater
24° Louisa (LKU) ,
New Market
62.1° Norfolk (ORF)
54.0° Blacksburg
0.15" Herndon (HRN)
0.00" 
Louisa (LKU), Louisa (LOU), Richmond (RMD)
North Carolina
88° Wilmington
26° Brevard
62.7° Wilmington
56.0° Brevard
0.38"Wilmington
0.00"
Asheville
South Carolina
89° Orangeburg, Florence, Charleston
32° Columbia
64.9° Charleston
62.6°
North Myrtle Beach
0.06"
North Myrtle 
Beach
0.00"Greenville-
Spartanburg

NOTES FROM "AROUND THE LEAGUE"

Virginia:

Annandale -  Lowell sends these notes: "EXTREMELY DRY OCTOBER A NEW RECORD LOW PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (0.06) NOT JUST FOR OCTOBER BUT ALL MONTHS.  IT WAS ALSO THE WARMEST OCTOBER SINCE 1995. THE MEAN TEMPERATURE WAS 57.68° A +2.36° DEPARTURE  THE  80° MAX. TEMP.   ON THE 3RD AND 4TH WAS THE THIRD HIGHEST OCT. TEMPERATURES RECORDED IN THE  LAST TEN YEARS.  THE  AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE RANGE WAS 17.81° WHICH WAS THE HIGHEST SINCE 1991 DUE TO THE CLEAR MONTH.  WE HAD ONLY TWO DAYS WITH MEASURABLE RAINFALL.  THE AVERAGE IS EIGHT AND WAS THE CLEAREST  OCT. SINCE 1991 THE 30.66 INCH BAROMETRIC PRESSURE RECORDED ON THE 23RD WAS THE HIGHEST RECORDED IN OCTOBER SINCE  1986  THE LOWEST BAR. READING FOR THE MONTH WAS 29.82 INCHES WHICH WAS THE HIGHEST MIN.  PRESSURE RECORDED SINCE 1984 THE  CONTROLLING WEATHER FEATURE  WAS HIGH PRESSURES FOR 18 DAYS OF THE MONTH THE MAXIMUM WIND DURING THE MONTH WAS 24 MPH ON THE 29TH WHICH WAS THE LOWEST MAX. WIND FOR OCT. SINCE  1994."

Arlington - NWS WBC's Dewey Walston  notes DCA's mean temp was 0.4o above normal while the rainfall departure was 3" below  the norm.  This was the 2nd driest October on record in Washington, DC since records began in 1871.  The driest was only a trace of rain in October 1963.  Here is a list of the driest months: TRACE - October 1963; 0.02" in October 2000; 0.03" - April 1985; 0.14" - September 1884; 0.19" - December 1889; 0.20" - September 1967.

Blacksburg/Roanoke/Lynchburg Area - " ...DRIEST OCTOBER ON RECORD... "

IN BLACKSBURG PROPER, "OCTOBER CONTINUED THE RECORD BREAKING TREND IN BLACKSBURG WITH THE DRIEST MONTH EVER RECORDED AND THE DRIEST OCTOBER ON RECORD. ONLY .02 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION WAS RECORDED. THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD SET IN OCTOBER OF .12 INCHES IN 1963. THE TEMPERATURE AVERAGED 54DEGREES WHICH WAS SLIGHTLY OVER 3 DEGREES ABOVE THE NORMAL OF 51.9 DEGREES. BLACKSBURG SET DAILY RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES OF 28 DEGREES ON THE 8TH AND 9TH. BLACKSBURG RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT SINCE 1941."

Bridgewater - Clayton reports:  "The first moderate frost occurred on the morning of the 8th. The average temperature was 3 degrees above normal. The precipitation was 2.97 inches below normal.  My records for precipitation are for 36 years. This has been the driest
October for at least 36 years. It was also the driest for any month for the last 36 years. At the end of September, the precipitation for the year was about normal. With the lack of moisture in October, the moisture for the year is now about 3 inches below normal."

Centreville - Paul emails  these notes, "Except for a couple of days with only a trace of rain, there were two major storms yielding just enough precipitation to cause scattered spotting on the sidewalk.  Luckily for us though, our monthly total of 0.07" occurred in two events nine days apart, so there wasn't too much damage.  Our temperatures overall were almost four degrees above the monthly average of 55.3o .  This added heat however was hardly noticeable with all the "flooding."  The warmth was more apparent at night with our average low of 48.6o  being six degrees above normal which kept our heating degree days only two thirds of what is usually expected."

Dulles - The monthly precipitation total, according to NWS WBC, was 3.14" below normal.

Falls Church - Erica notes: "October  2000 was a little above normal in temps but way below in rainfall.  This has been the driest October and driest month for Falls Church in at least 30 years!"

Fredericksburg - "No measurable precipitation for the entire month.  Lots of blue skies for observing the changing leaves." - notes from Ken

Hampton - According to Dave: "RECORD DRY AND NORMAL TEMPS FOR HAMPTON- ALL TIME RECORD DRY MONTH OF OCTOBER IN HAMPTON. THE DRIEST SINCE I BEGAN RECORDS IN 1977 AND ALSO AT LANGLEY-FIELD (LFI-Air Force) SINCE RECORDS BEGAN IN 1930. OTHER STATION RECORDS LOW MINIMUM 38 ON 10/10."

Herndon - Russ notes: "October can be summed up in one word... DRY!"

Herndon - Bob Beall writes with a grin: "Great beach month if staying submerged most days."

Lynchburg - From NWS BCB:  ON THE WHOLE OCTOBER WAS A NORMAL MONTH WITH RESPECT TO TEMPERATURE.  EVEN WITH A MUCH COOLER PERIOD FROM THE 7TH THROUGH THE 14TH...THE TEMPERATURE AVERAGED 57 DEGREES WHICH IS NORMAL. HOWEVER...THE MONTH TURNED OUT TO BE THE DRIEST OCTOBER EVER. NORMAL PRECIPITATION IS 3.7 INCHES AND JUST .01 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION WAS RECORDED ON THE 24TH. TRACE AMOUNTS OF RAIN FELL ON THE 18TH AND THE 25TH. THE PREVIOUS DRIEST OCTOBER OCCURRED IN 1892 WHEN .04 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION FELL. THE PREVIOUS DRIEST MONTH EVER RECORDED WAS IN SEPTEMBER OF 1978 WHEN ONLY .02 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION FELL.  LYNCHBURG TIED A RECORD LOW OF 30 DEGREES ON THE 9TH. LYNCHBURG  RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT SINCE 1872.

Louisa - John Bullock - who has been observing many-a-year - says this was the "first month ever known with no rainfall."

New Market - Joyce reports:  "This month has been fairly normal all around. Days a little warmer and the nights a little cooler.
What we lack around the valley is rain.  We on had 0.10" of rain all month and that was on the 18th. The day before we had a couple drops and that is all for this month.  We are a tinderbox around here.   We finally had a killing freeze on the 29th of month.  "

Newport News - Gary sends these email notes:  DRIEST SPELL SINCE I HAVE BEEN KEEPING RECORDS. (1983 AT VARIOUS
LOCATIONS) 39 DAYS WITH LESS THAN .01 AS OF THIS WRITING. (Nov.4) RECORDED FIRST FROST ON MORNING OF THE 10TH.

Norfolk - From NWS AKQ:  DRIEST MONTH EVER The monthly precip was 3.14" below norm while the average monthly temp was 0.9o below normal.  Rainfall for the year through month's end was 8.24" above normal.

Portsmouth - DRIEST OCTOBER AND DRIEST MONTH EVER in database (since 1976);  the second driest was 0.48" in 1984. Temperatures were normal while rainfall was 1% of normal (-3.56").  Year-to-date rainfall totaled 108% of the norm or some 3.46" above the normal.  This represents nearly a 50% decrease in excess from the previous month!  October 2000 records include: 8th - Minimum maximum temperature 57o - previously 60o  in 1988 ;  9th - Minimum maximum temperature 54o  - previously 61o  in 1981 ;  10th - Minimum temperature 38o  - previously 39o  in 1978;  11th - Minimum temperature 40o  - tied with previous 40o  in 1978;  28th - Maximum wind gust - 33 mph - previous 30 mph in 1991 31st - Minimum Maximum temperature 58o  - tied with previous 58o  in 1980.  The dominant wind direction was north with a mean speed of 3.6 mph.  An abnormally  cool spell was noted during the period of the 8th-11th as noted by the new station records.  For the year, temps are averaging nearly 1/2o  in excess of the norm.  The first frost of the fall had not occurred by the end of the month.

Richmond - According to Roy his site recorded its driest October and of any month in his 14-year database.

Richmond - According to NWS AKQ:  DRIEST MONTH EVER Richmond's rainfall was 3.52" below normal while temps averaged 1.1o below normal.  Yearly rainfall was running 2.41" above the norm.

Mechanicsville - Glenn aptly notes, "DRY, DRY, DRY."

Roanoke - These notes from Wendell - "No trouble totaling the .01" rainfall for the month of October.  This not only was my
driest October of record, but also the third driest month of all times.  Previous month record was October as well in 1991 when 0.04" fell.  Temps averaged 3.3o above the normal.  this was the 3rd warmest October of record."

Roanoke - NWS BCB notes:  "OCTOBER IN THE STAR CITY WAS ALSO THE DRIEST OCTOBER ON RECORD AND THE DRIEST MONTH EVER RECORDED. THE PREVIOUS DRIEST MONTH AND ALSO THE DRIEST OCTOBER ON RECORD OCCURRED IN 1991 WHEN .04 INCHES OF
PRECIPITATION FELL. THE AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE WAS 59 DEGREES...ALMOST 4 DEGREES ABOVE THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF 56.6 DEGREES. THERE WAS A BRIEF PERIOD OF BELOW NORMAL TEMPERATURES DURING THE PERIOD FROM THE 7TH THROUGH THE 12TH. OTHERWISE...THE REMAINDER OF THE MONTH WAS ABOVE THE NORM. NO RECORD TEMPERATURE WERE BROKEN DURING THE MONTH. ROANOKE RECORDS HAVE BEEN KEPT SINCE 1912."

Vienna - Robert reports his mean temperature was 3.5o below normal.

Woodstock -  Lauck notes via email: "October was the driest month in 15 years of record keeping.   Only 9 hundredths of an inch fell.   October was also warm  (4th in 15 years)."

North Carolina:

Asheville - From NWS GSP: The monthly mean temp was 1.3o above normal while rainfall- ZERO - was 3.59" below normal.  The average wind speed was 5.4 MPH.

Brevard -  Bob sends these notes: "The keyword for October 2000 is DRY! I recorded 0.08" for the month, and at the nearby Asheville Airport no rain was recorded for the entire month. My ten-year (1990-1999) average for October is 5.32" and my  ten-year lows were 0.48" in 1991 and 0.82" in 1998. Having an annual average rainfall of 70", a cumulative deficit of 18.86" would seem of little concern, but being mountainous, our rainfall flows down hill quickly. Many wells are becoming dangerously low on water. Another remarkable feature of the month was the number of consecutive days without measurable wind, from the 13th through the 26th of October due to a
persistent high covering the region. The month's average temperature, 56.0 deg. F, compares with  56.6 deg. F over the past ten years."

Charlotte - NWS GSP reports the mean temp here was 0.8o below normal while precip was 3.36" below normal.  The average wind speed was 4.4 MPH.

Greensboro - - NWS RAH reports that the mean temp here was 1.7o above normal while rainfall was 3.50" below normal.  This trace of rainfall in October ties the driest month on record.  Trace amounts were previously recorded in June 1990 and September 1985.  This is also the driest October on record.  The previous record was 0.26" of an inch in 1963.  Weather records at the airport date to May 1928.  However, cooperative observer records date to April 1895.  As of the 31st, GSO will have gone 36 consecutive days without measurable rainfall.  The record is 41 days from 5/30/90 to 7/9/90.  A daily minimun temp record was set on the 10th and tied on the 9th.  A daily low max temp was set on the 8th.

Raleigh -   Bob sends these notes: "The weather headline is the drought.  There has been no measurable rainfall since September 26th - 35 days-  an all time record number of days without rainfall.  Temps for the month were normal.  However, we did experience and earlier normal 1st day of a 32 degree reading on the 10th of October."

Raleigh - NWS RDU reports October 2000 was the driest month on record here.  The trace amount beat the pervious record of 0.06" back in November 1890 and again in November 1931.  The previous October rainfall record was broken (0.22" in 1907).  Records here date to 1887.   The monthly mean temp was  0.1oabove the norm while precip totals were 2.86" below the norm.  As of the 31st, RDU has gone 35 consecutive days without measurable rain.  The previous record of 32 days ... 11/23/65 to 12/24/65... was broken.  A daily minimum temp record was set on the 9th, 10th, & 11th.  A daily low max temp record was set on the 8th.

Roxboro - According to Merriell,  "October was the driest on record.  Lots of bright sunny days with pleasant temperatures.  Both minimum and maximum temperatures averaged about  2o above normal.  With only 0.04" of rain, the monthly departure was a deficiency of 3.62"."

Wilmington -  From NWS ILM:   "THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER IN WILMINGTON WAS 2.6 DEGREES BELOW NORMAL.   A RECORD LOW TEMPERATURE WAS SET ON THE 10TH WITH A LOW OF 36 DEGREES...AND A LOW RECORD WAS
TIED ON THE 11TH WHEN THE MERCURY DIPPED TO 38 DEGREES.  THE TOTAL RAINFALL FOR OCTOBER WAS 0.38 INCHES... 2.31 INCHES BELOW NORMAL. THE MOST PRECIP TO FALL IN A 24-HOUR PERIOD WAS 0.24 INCHES ON THE 1ST.  88 PERCENT OF POSSIBLE SUNSHINE WAS RECEIVED IN OCTOBER (NORMAL IS 64 PERCENT).  THE AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR THE MONTH WAS 5.7 MPH."

South Carolina:

Columbia - NWS CAE reports the monthly mean temp was 0.6o below the norm.  Rainfall was 3.04" below  the norm.  The year-to-date rainfall was 11.26" below the normal.

Charleston - Eleanor Vallier-Talbot sends this article for October:  Dry...Dry...Dry!   After experiencing the second wettest month of 2000 in September with 8.88 inches in Charleston, October turned into the driest month on record for the Lowcountry.  With persistent high pressure and a storm track well north of the region, no measurable rain fell during the entire month of October.  October and November are the normally driest months of the year across the region.  In Charleston, normal rainfall is 2.90" and 2.49", respectively, with another minima in April with 2.67".

Only a trace of rainfall was recorded for the entire month at the Charleston International Airport.  The trace amounts occurred on three days, the 4th, 6th, and 8th.  October 2000 became the driest October on record.  The previous record was 0.01" set in October 1942.  Other dry Octobers include 0.06" in 1940 and 0.08" in 1943.  This also set a record for the driest month throughout Charleston's record.  The previous record was 0.01" set in both October 1942 and April 1972.  On top of this, no measurable rain fell in Charleston from September 24th to November 3rd, for a total of 41 consecutive dry days.  This dry spell is the second longest number of dry days in Charleston.  The record consecutive days without measurable rainfall occurred from October 6th to November 16th, 1942.  This totaled 42 consecutive days without measurable rainfall.   Weather records at the Charleston International Airport began in December 1931.

Eleanor also sends these October records:  Charleston International Airport: October 9  Min 39 degrees  record  previous 40 set in
1978; Mini Max    60 degrees   record        previous 62 set in 1953;  Low Mean  50 degrees   record        previous 57 set in 1978;  October 10      Min       35 degrees   record        previous 42 set in 1933; Low Mean  50 degrees   record        previous 56 set in 1951; October  11     Min      39 degrees   record         previous 41 set in 1940; Low Mean  56 degrees  record tied  previous 56 set in 1994; Driest  October        Trace   previous 0.01" in 1942;  Driest Month on Record   Trace   previous 0.01" in October 1942 and April 1972. Downtown Charleston (Customs House):  October 9       Min       47 degrees   record        previous 53 set in1987; Mini Max   60 degrees   record        previous 63 set in 1953; Low Mean  54 degrees  record        previous 61 set in 1953;  October 10     Min       46 degrees   record        previous 52 set in
1976

NWS CHS notes (via Eleanor): "Monthly precipitation was 2.90" below normal and the mean temp was 1.9o below normal."

Editor's note:  Visit the NWS Charleston Education Center which member Eleanor Vallier-Talbot manages at http://wchs.csc.noaa.gov/education_center.htm

Florence - NWS ILM reports the mean temp was  0.1o below normal while the trace of rain was 2.63" below normal.  A record low was set on the 10th and 11th (35o and 40o ).

Greenville-Spartanburg - The monthly temps averaged 3.9o above normal while total rainfall- ZERO - was 3.99" below normal.   80% of possible sunshine was recorded.  - NWS GSP

North Myrtle Beach - From NWS ILM:  rainfall was 3.04" below normal.  27 clear days reported in the month!

Nearby Cities:

Tri-cities/Bristol area noted temps averaging 0.2o above the norm with total rainfall 2.57" below the norm.  For the year, rainfall is running 2.89" below normal. - from NWS Morristown, TN

Canaan Heights, WV - Dave Lesher sends these notes: "A remarkable month at the summit of Canaan Mountain in northern West
Virginia...nearly all sparkling sunny days and clear, cold nights.  The leaves were all off the trees by month's end, in readiness of winter's arrival.  And winter made an early appearance on Monday, Oct  9 when an inch of snow fell and the day's max and min was 31.0 and 24.7.  Temperatures remained below freezing from 7 PM on Oct 8 to 10 AM on Oct 10."

(Please note the column denotations table below.)
TEMPERATURES / WIND / ELEMENTS


VIRGINIA
STN
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
R1
S
ANN
66.58
48.77
57.68
80
3,4
36
8
0
0
0
0
24
WNW
29
1
0
0
0
3
2400
BCB
 
 
54.0
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
CEN
69.7
48.6
59.2
86
4
37
8
0
0
0
0
16.3
N
19
0
0
0
0
0
2400
DCA
70.0
50.3
60.1
84
3
37
29
0
0
0
0
36
N
28
 
 
 
 
 
2400
IAD
70.1
43.8
57
85
4
31
9
0
0
0
0
26
N
28
 
 
 
 
 
2400
BRI
73.1
43.0
58.1
88
3
26
30
0
0
4
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
0
0530
1600
FCH
69.5
49.1
59.3
85
4
36
8
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
2400
FRB
72.0
47.4
59.9
86
4
35
29
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
0
0800
HAM
69.8
53.0
61.4
85
4
38
10
0
0
0
0
20
N
9
0
0
0
0
0
2400
HER
67.1
46.8
56.9
82.4
4
35.1
30
0
0
0
0
19
 
28
0
0
0
0
2400
HRN
68.2
46.2
57.2
84.3
4
33.2
9
0
0
0
0
27
NW
28
0
0
0
0
2
2400 
LKU
71.87
39.10
55.48
85
4
24
30,31
0
0
6
0
22
W
10
0
0
0
0
1
2400
LOU
68.35
46.16
57.26
81
6
28
9
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
2
2400
LYH
 
 
57.0
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
NEW
71.48
40.18
55.83
85
3
24
30
0
0
9
0
29
WSW
10
0
0
0
0
6
1700
NPN
72.1
48.4
60.3
86
3,4,5
36
10,11
0
0
0
0
30
NNW
28
0
0
0
0
0
2400
NOR
71.2
51.2
61.2
86
3,4,5,6
38
11
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
0
2400
ORF
70.8
53.4
62.1
87
6
39
11
0
0
0
0
25
NE
 
 
 
 
 
2
2400
POR
70.2
52.6
61.4
84
6
38
10
0
0
0
0
33
N
28
0
0
0
0
1
2400
MEC
70
48
59
81
4
32
29
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
1
1800
RIC
72.4
47.0
59.7
85
3,4
33
29
0
0
0
0
35
NW
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
RMD
72.03
49.7
60.9
86
4
38
10,29
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2300
ROA
 
 
59.0
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2400
ROK
74.1
45.0
59.5
87
3,4
30
30
0
0
3
0
24
SW
 10
0
0
0
0
0
2200
VNA
68.3
48.2
58.3
84
4
36
8,29,30
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
4
2200
AKQ
74.32
44.48
59.40
87
3
30
30
0
4
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
WEE
70.0
41.2
55.6
84
3,4
34
8,11
0
0
0
0
25+
NW
9
0
0
0
0
2
0800
WOO
69.0
48.9
59.0
82
5
35
28
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
0
0
0
0
2
2400
WSH
68.8
48.0
58.4
82.2
4
35.5
9,10
0
0
0
0
17
SSW
30
0
0
0
0
0
2400

 
NORTH CAROLINA
AVL
71.7
42.7
57.2
81
3,4
30
12,31
0
0
3
0
37
E
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
BRE
70.6
41.4
56.0
78
3-6
26
10-12
0
0
6
0
22
 
28
0
0
0
0
9
2100
CLT
75.2
45.7
60.5
83
3
29
11
0
0
4
0
28
 E
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
GSO
73.4
47.2
60.3
83
3,4
33
9,10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
RAL
75.2
45.0
60.1
87
6
29
30
0
0
3
0
 12
 
21
0
0
0
0
2
2400
RDU
74.5
45.8
60.2
86
3,5,6
31
10,30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
ROX
73.1
47.6
60.4
85
3,4,5
35
29,30
0
0
0
0
23
NW
9
0
0
0
0
1
2100
ILM
75.5
49.9
62.7
88
6
36
10
0
0
0
0
33
N
9
0
0
0
0
1
2400
SOUTH CAROLINA
CAE
77.6
47.8
62.7
88
5
32
5
             
 
 
 
 
 
2400
CHS
77.7
52.1
64.9
89
6
35
10
0
0
0
0
32
N
9
0
0
0
0
0
2400
CRE
75.2
50.1
62.6
88
6
35
10
0
0
0
0
30
NW
9
 
 
 
 
2
2400
FLO
77.8
50.1
63.9
89
6
34
10
0
0
0
0
31
NE
7
 
 
 
 
2
2400
GSP
77.3
51.4
64.4
85
3,4
38
10
0
0
0
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
OGB
77.7
49.6
63.7
89
6
35
10
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
NEARBY LOCATIONS
CHW
59.0
42.6
50.8
71.3
5
24.7
9
0
1
6
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
TRI
72.6
41.1
56.9
81
3,4
26
11,31
0
0
8
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400

(Please note the column denotations table below.)
PRECIPITATION / BAROMETRIC PRESSURE


VIRGINIA
STN
T
U
 U1
V
V1
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
6A 
7
7A 
S
ANN
0.06
0.05
9
0.05
9
2
0
41.93
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.66
23
29.82
6
2400
BCB
0.02
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
CEN
0.07
0.04
18
0.04
18
2
0
35.41
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.59
15
29.87
9
2400
DCA
0.02
0.01
9,18
0.01
9,18
2
0
36.92
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
IAD
0.06
0.05
18
0.06
17-18
2
0
33.21
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
BRI
0.02
0.02
18
0.02
18
   
29.86
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.38
 
29.79
 
0530
1600
FCH
0.03
0.02
18
0.02
17-18
2
0
30.10
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
 
FRB
T
 
 
T
6-7,
18-19
0
0
39.50
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
0800
HAM
T
T
1,6,8,9
T
1,6,8,9
0
0
49.24
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2100
HER
0.15
0.11
18
0.11
18
3
0
34.89
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.70
23
29.73
6
2400
HRN
0.06
0.05
18
0.05
18
2
0
33.93
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.634
23
29.837
6
2400
LKU
0.00
0.00
 
0.00
 
0
0
34.21
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.51
 
29.71
 
2400
LOU
0.00
0.00
 
0.00
 
0
0
31.55
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.80
20
 
 
0800
LYH
0.01
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0
0.0 
 
 
 
 
2400
NEW
0.10
0.10
18 
 
 
1
0
33.99
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
1700
NPN
T
T
1,17,18,
28,31
T
1,17,18,
28,31
0
0
46.25
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.64
23
29.81
6
2300
NOR
0.04
0.04
1
0.04
1
1
0
44.74
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
ORF
0.01
0.01
1
0.01
1
1
0
46.79
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
POR
0.02
0.02
1
0.02
1
1
0
45.32
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.551
23
29.850
28
2400
MEC
0.05
0.05
7
0.05
7
1
0
43.72
 
 
   
0
0.0
30.04
23
29.35
6
1800
RIC
0.01
0.01
18
0.01
18
1
0
39.14
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
RMD
0.00
0.00
 
0.00
0
0
0
38.67
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2300
ROA
T
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
ROK
0.01
0.01
24
0.01
24
1
0
38.82
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.55
23
29.82
6
2400
VNA
0.04
0.02
9,18
0.02
9,18
2
0
33.90
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2200
AKQ
0.05
0.03
1
 
 
2
0
43.14
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
WEE
T
 T
9
T
9
0
0
 
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.57
23
29.80
5
1630
WOO
0.09
0.07
18
0.07
18
2
0
33.56
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.87
23
30.22
6
0800
WSH
0.11
0.08
18
0.08
18
2
0
33.77
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.66
23
29.89
6
2400

 
NORTH CAROLINA
AVL
0.00
0.00
 
0.00
 
0
0
33.42
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.56
23
29.93
6
2400
BRE
0.08
 
 
0.07
22
2
0
39.02
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.62
23
30.06
6
2100
CLT
T
T
17-18
T
17-18
0
0
30.92
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.57
23
29.87
6
2400
GSO
T
T
8,18,24
T
8,18,24
0
0
 
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
RAL
T
T
 
T
 
0
0
30.70
   
 
 
0
0.0
30.54
23
29.88
6
1900
RDU
T
T
8,24
 T
8,24
0
35.03
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
ROX
0.04
0.04
24
0.04
24
1
0
40.43
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.62
23
29.95
5
2100
ILM
0.38
0.24
1
0.24
1
3
0
47.54
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.49
23
29.86
6
2400
SOUTH CAROLINA
CAE
T
 T
 
T
 
0
0
32.16
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
 
 
 
 
2400
CHS
T
T
4,6,8
T
4,6,8
0
40.57
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.47
23
29.87
6
2400
CRE
0.06
0.05
1
0.05
1
2
0
47.91
 
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
 
 
2400
FLO
T
T
1,8
T
1,8
0
0
32.41
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.52
23
29.85
6
2400
GSP
0.00
 
 
 
 
0
0
29.03
 
 
 
 
0
0.0
30.54
23
29.88
6
2400
OGB
T
T
 
T
 
0
0
34.95
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2400
NEARBY LOCATIONS
TRI
0.02
0.02
24
0.02
24
1
0
31.50
 
 
 
 
 
30.51
23
29.90
6
 2400
CHW
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.0
1.0
 
 
 
 
2400

COLUMN DENOTATIONS:

A  maximum mean temperature T total precipitation (inches)
B  minimum mean temperature U maximum calendar day precipitation (inches)
C  monthly mean temperature U1 date of maximum calendar day precipitation
D  maximum temperature V date(s) of maximum daily precipitation
E  date(s) of maximum temperature V1 maximum 24-hour precip. & date(s)
F  minimum temperature W number of days with precip. >= .01"
G  date(s) of minimum temperature  X number of days with precip. >= 1.0"
H  days with maximum temperature >=90 Y year-to-date precipitation (inches)
I  days with maximum temperature <=32 Z maximum calendar day snowfall (inches)
J  days with minimum temperature <=32 1 date of maximum calendar day snowfall (inches)
K  days with minimum temperature <= 0  2 number of days with snowfall
L  peak wind gust (miles per hour)  3 number of days with snowfall >= 1.0"
M  direction of peak wind gust 4  total snowfall for month (inches)
N  date(s) of peak wind gust  5 total snowfall for 2000-2001 season (inches)
O  number of days with thunder  6 maximum barometric pressure (inches)
P  number of days with hail 6A date of maximum barometric pressure 
Q  number of days with glaze 7 minimum barometric pressure (inches)
R  number of days with ice pellets 7A date of minimum barometric pressure
R1 number of days with dense fog (i) incomplete data
S  local observation time for temps/precipitation (M) Missing, if listed in data table
 ~ "about" E estimated
 +  additional indeterminate number of days NR not recorded

STATION  /  LOCATION (MILES & DIRECTION FROM MAIN POST OFFICE) / OBSERVER  / YEAR RECORDS BEGAN /  EMAIL ADDRESS:

ANN    Annandale, VA 1 3/4 ENE - Lowell Koontz  12/90  wwkoontz@bellatlantic.net ROA    Roanoke, VA  Webmaster (Blacksburg):  William.Perry@noaa.gov
DCA    Arlington, VA NWS Webmaster (Sterling):  james.decarufel@noaa.gov ROK   Roanoke, VA 6SW Wendell Prillaman  4/76
BCB    Blacksburg, VA NWS Webmaster:  William.Perry@noaa.gov VNA    Vienna, VA Robert Boott, 1.5SW Robert.Boott@tma.osd.mil
BRI     Bridgewater, VA Clayton Towers Ctowers@rica.net AKQ    Wakefield, VA NWS Webmaster:  Hugh.Cobb@noaa.gov
CEN   Centreville, VA Paul Bassett 1985 pbassett@sitestar.net WSH   Washington, VA  David Yowell runamok@runamok.com
CHO   Charlottesville, VA 3N John Stewart  (Rappahannock County) - 1/91 - Inactive WEE   Weems, VA 3WNW Francis J. Socey
IAD     Dulles International Airport  Webmaster (Sterling): james.decarufel@noaa.gov WOO  Woodstock, VA 5NW Lauck Walton - 12/1/85 jwalton@shentel.net
FCH    Falls Church, VA Erica Page - 3/7/94 ERICA96661@aol.com AVL    Asheville, NC NWS NWS GSP:  bryan.mcavoy@noaa.gov
FRB    Fredericksburg, VA 7SW Ken McKneely mckneelys@email.msn.com BRE    Brevard, NC 1SE Bob Keehn 1/1/90 Bob_Keehn@citcom.net
HAM    Hampton, VA 5NE Dave Kessel 1989 david64@visi.net CLT     Charlotte, NC NWS NWS GSP:  bryan.mcavoy@noaa.gov
HER    Herndon, VA R.M. Beall P- 10/76   T-  1/91 beall47@earthlink.net GSO   Greensboro, NC NWS Webmaster (Raleigh/RAH): Richard.Jones@noaa.gov
HRN   Herndon, VA 4SW Russ Topping -  1985 rtopping@erols.com RAL    Raleigh, NC 7NNW  Bob Woodson 6/1/93 kf4mmm@qsl.net
LKU     Louisa, VA 1N Joseph Bowers 1944 - NWS ID  44-5050-02 jmbiii@earthlink.net RDU   Raleigh-Durham, NC NWS Webmaster:  Richard.Jones@noaa.gov
LOU     Louisa, VA 6S John Bullock (about 1970) LBT    Lumberton, NC FAA Lumberton 34o 37'N 79o  04'W
LYH     Lynchburg, VA NWS Webmaster (Blacksburg):  William.Perry@noaa.gov ROX    Roxboro, NC 2SE Merriell A. Jay 1/93
NEW    Newmarket, VA 2W Joyce Winfree joywood@shentel.net ILM     Wilmington, NC NWS  nwsilm@wilmington.net
NPN     Newport News, VA 7N Gary Leonard -  6/91 GaryMLeonard@aol.com CHS   Charleston, SC NWS, courtesy of Eleanor Vallier-Talbot
Eleanor.Vallier-Talbot@noaa.gov
evaltal@wpmedia.com
Webmaster Contents CHS: Theodore.Rodgers@noaa.gov
NOR     Norfolk, VA 3NE Jim Fentress 6/1/77 CAE    Columbia, SC NWS caewx@noaa.gov
  OGB   Orangeburg, SC NWS caewx@noaa.gov
ORF     Norfolk, VA 5NE NWS 1871 Webmaster (Wakefield): Hugh.Cobb@noaa.gov GSP   Greenville-Spartanburg, SC NWS bryan.mcavoy@noaa.gov
POR     Portsmouth, VA 3S Bill Trotter -  7/1/76  pwrs@pilot.infi.net RUB    Ruby, SC 3 NW Franklin Hancock
MEC     Mechanicsville, VA Glen Martin 11/19/91 FLO    Florence, SC nwsilm@wilmington.net
RMD    Richmond, VA Roy Britt 8/22/83  roybritt@earthlink.net CRE    North Myrtle Beach, SC  nwsilm@wilmington.net
RIC     Richmond, VA NWS TRI     Tri-cities/Bristol, TN  NWS Webmaster (Morristown):W-Mrx.Webmaster@noaa.gov
  CHW  Canaan Heights, WV Dave Lesher  wxdave@boo.net